Posted: July 26th, 2023

How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into the

1. How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into thesinuses? The infection of Cari’s nasal passage and pharynx was able to spread intoher sinus due to the sinuses being drained in are for nasal passage. through mucusmembrane and middle ear since they are all attach in duct, in the pharynx2. What sinuses lie over Cari’s eyes? (Hint: see paranasal sinuses on page837)?3. Which cells found within Cari’s mucous membranes are producing excessamounts of mucus? The cell membrane that produce excess of mucus is calledgoblet cells.4. What is the cough reflex?The cough reflex is used to clear sputum and irritants that are in the nasal passage andpharynx.5. How might Cari’s hoarse voice be related to the upper respiratory tract infection?Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally wouldprotect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? There aremacrophages present in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli,that would protect Cari’slung from infection, by removing any foreign material from the alveolar space.6. Where is the base of Cari’s lung that the nurse is listening to?7. What accessory muscles of respiration must Cari use to forcefully inspire air?The ccessory muscles used for inhalation include the scalene, sternomastoidand trapezium, which are found around the shoulders and neck.8. How would Cari’s the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by the excessmucus and fluid in her lung?The lung capacity is decreased, because the excess of mucus in her lungs couldincrease the resistance of Cari’s airway because of small diameter, the buildupcan cause. The excess of fluid would make the alveoli to be wet there by notfunction properly and would cause friction from the buildup.9. How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) bealtered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia?The lung compliance would increase from trying to force gases in and out of thealveoli and those are filled with fluids due to pneumonia. Therefore make itdifficult to expand the lungs.10. Cari’s respiratory rate is elevated; how does this alter her minute ventilation?.11. Cari has been given pure oxygen to breath; why would increasing the oxygenconcentration in the air she is breathing help Cari? It would increase her O2standar and slow her respiration.12. Normal blood oxygen saturation levels are greater than 94%; Cari’s blood oxygensaturation level was 90% at the time of her exam and an initial arterial blood gasanalysis done when she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial PO 2was 54 mm Hg. How would these clinical findings relate to internal respiration inCari’s body? Finding 90& oxygen saturation level and a Po2 of mmHg would show thatthe arteries are having too much oxygen, since a normal Po2 of resting person is40mmHg and exercises lower Po2 level. A normal resting oxygen level should be about94% with no added oxygen. oxygen. The fluid in Cari’s lungs decreases herfunctional alveolar surface area; how is this affecting Cari’s external respiration?13. Which of the symptoms that Cari has described are due to lack of oxygen andreduced oxygen exchange at her tissues?When Cari’s said is “panting like a dog, that’s lack of oxygen.14. Why would Cari’s increased respiratory rate cause her to lose more CO 2 than gainoxygen?15. Cari has been put on an artificial ventilation machine and she is still receivingoxygen; how would increasing her PO2 assist hemoglobin in oxygen transport?.16. As Cari’s PCO2 rose, how was the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobinaffected?The oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin with rising Pco2 decrease and CO2will take another route.17. Cari’s fever is subsiding; how might her elevated body temperature have alteredoxygen transport in her body?18. How would you have expected Cari’s decreased PCO2 and alkaline blood pH tohave affected her breathing? When her PH and Pco2 decreased you can expect thather rate of breathing could also be decrease.19. Why would a decrease in bicarbonate have caused Cari’s blood pH to rise?20. How would administration of oxygen enhance Cari’s central drive to breath?Severe oxygen deficiency depresses the activity of central chemoreceptors in theinspiratory area.It would increase her O2 level therefore slow her respiration rate.21. What is another name for Cari’s low blood PCO2 ? Hypocapnia. is hypercapnia.22. Which anatomic structures in Cari’s respiratory system were initially involved?Cari’s anatomical structures, involved the pharynx, throat, lungs, trachea23. Why was Cari plagued with a chronic smoker’s cough? Because, she had beensmoking for over 20 years and her cough was a form to clean up her lungs.24. Which damaging effects of tobacco smoke led to Cari’s impaired respiratorydefense mechanisms?The cilia were not able to remove the irritants in the airway because ther were paralyzed25. How did pneumonia affect Cari’s lung function?It decreased her overall lungs capacity, and her lungs couldn’t expand properly

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